Aula Zoom 02: Present Simple

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Aula Zoom 02: Present Simple O presente simples em inglês (Present Simple) é usado para expressar uma verdade universal, ação habitual ou do cotidiano.

Modo afirmativo: I play football on Saturdays. (Eu jogo futebol aos sábados) Atenção quanto aos sujeitos e pronomes na 3ª pessoa do singular, HE, SHE ou IT, pois em regra geral, deve-se acrescentar o “S” no final do verbo como forma de conjugação verbal. He plays football on Saturdays. (Ele joga futebol aos sábados) Peter works hard. (Peter trabalha muito) Para verbos terminados em “SS”, “SH”, “CH”, “X”, “O”, “Z”, com sujeitos na 3ª pessoa do singular, deve-se acrescentar o “ES” no final do verbo. She goes to school in the morning. (Ela vai à escola de manhã.) He watches tv. (Ele assiste tv.) Para verbos terminados em “Y” precedido de consoante, com sujeitos na 3ª pessoa do singular, deve-se retirar o “Y” e acrescentar o “IES” no final do verbo. “Study” - Mike studies English. (Mike estuda inglês.)

Modo interrogativo: Para a forma interrogativa, deve-se usar os verbos auxiliares DO ou DOES, de acordo com a explicação a seguir: O verbo auxiliar DO é usado antes dos pronomes e/ou sujeitos I, YOU, WE ou THEY.

DO you speak English? (Você fala inglês?) O verbo auxiliar DOES é usado antes dos pronomes e/ou sujeitos HE, SHE ou IT, ou seja, 3ª pessoa do singular. Does Cindy speak English? (Cindy fala inglês?) Observe que neste caso, ao utilizar o verbo auxiliar DOES, o verbo principal “speak” não possui mais o “S” no final.

Modo negativo: Para a forma negativa, deve-se usar os verbos auxiliares DO NOT (Don’t) ou DOES NOT (Doesn’t) de acordo com a explicação a seguir: O verbo auxiliar DO NOT (Don’t) é usado após os pronomes e/ou sujeitos I, YOU, WE ou THEY. You don’t speak English. (Você não fala inglês) O verbo auxiliar DOES NOT (Doesn’t) é usado após os pronomes e/ou sujeitos HE, SHE ou IT, ou seja, 3ª pessoa do singular. Cindy doesn’t speak English. (Cindy não fala inglês.) Observe que neste caso, ao utilizar o verbo auxiliar DOESN’T, o verbo principal “speak” não possui mais o “S” no final.

Cuidado com os “nomes”!!! Do Cindy and Peter speak English? (Cindy e Peter falam inglês?) Cindy and Peter don’t speak English. (Cindy e Peter não falam inglês.) Observe que nestes casos foram usados os verbos auxiliares DO para a interrogativa e DON’T para a negativa, pois o sujeito está na 3ª pessoa do plural. Cindy e Peter = ELES = They. Cuidado com os verbos to be!!! We study English. (Nós estudamos inglês.) Do we study English? (Nós estudamos inglês?) We don’t study English. (Nós não estudamos inglês.) We are students. (Nós somos estudantes.)

Are we students? (Nós somos estudantes?) We aren’t students. (Nós não somos estudantes.)

Note que com a presença do verbo to be, não se usa o verbo auxiliar DO ou DOES, mas deve-se deslocar o verbo to be para antes do sujeito e/ou pronome para a forma interrogativa ou acrescentar o NOT após o verbo to be para a forma negativa.

Referência: Livro Essencial Grammar in Use – Raymond Murphy – Cambridge University Press.

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Questões de provas Questão 01:​ ​INSTITUTO AOCP - 2018 - PM-SC - Aspirante da Polícia Militar Taking into account the following excerpt: “There are also many potential victims who don’t agree to go through the mechanism because they don’t trust the authorities (…)”, mark the option which best describes the word “they”: a) It is a personal pronoun which refers back to “authorities”. b) It is a personal pronoun which refers back to “potential victims”. c) It is an objective pronoun which refers back to “potential victims”. d) It is a reflexive pronoun which refers back to “authorities”. e) It is a possessive pronoun which refers back to “mechanism”.

Questão 02: IBFC - 2017 - CBM-BA - Soldado do Corpo de Bombeiro Nas sentenças apresentadas abaixo, falta um ou mais pronomes para que, gramaticalmente, elas estejam completas e corretas. Leia cada uma delas e complete-as com o pronome adequado. I. I need to see the doctor. I’ll call ____ to make an appointment. II. Pancreatic cancer is the 4th overall cause of cancer-related deaths in the U.S. because ____ is relatively symptom-free in the early stages. III. My grandfather has always believed that a strict diet and daily exercise help avoid diseases. It seems to work for ____. _____ is 80 and healthy. IV. Dr. Jack created a test to diagnose pancreatic cancer more quickly. _____ detects an abnormal protein that’s an indicator of the disease. Assinale a alternativa que completa correta e respectivamente as lacunas. a) her - it - him/He - it b) she - it - him/He - it c) her - he - him/He - it d) her - it - he/Him - it e) her - it - him/He - he

Questão 03: Exército - 2016 - EsFCEx - Oficial Choose the alternative that correctly completes the sentences according to the right use of pronouns. Dear friend, thanks for _____email. It is so nice to hear from ______. Let _____tell you ______news, even though ______are much more interesting. a) your - you - me - my - yours b) yours - you - I - mine - your c) you - yours - my - his - they d) my - me - mine - my - you e) yours - I - I - mine - theirs

Questão 04: Exército - 2015 - EsPCEx - Primeiro Tenente Which option completes the sentence correctly? “She __________ early” a) getting usually up b) usually gets up c) gets usually up d) gets up usually

Questão 05: Exército - 2015 - EsPCEx - Primeiro Tenente Choose the correct option to complete the dialogue. A - Where __________ you from? B - __________ from Australia, from Darwin. A - Where`s Darwin? _________ it near Sydney? B - No, it ________. It`s in the north. A - _________ it nice? B - Yes, it ________. It`s beautiful. a) do – It`s – Are – are – Is – is b) are – I`m – Is – isn`t – Is - is c) am – I´m – Are – aren`t – Is – is d) are – You`re – Is – Is – isn`t – is

Questão 06: Exército - 2009 - EsSEx - Primeiro Tenente ___________ dinner at 7 o'clock? a) Do he always has b) Does he always have c) Does he always has d) Is he always have

Questão 07: EPCAR - 2016 - Cadete da Aeronáutica Choose the option which contains the correct negative for “atheists are prone to discrimination” (line 42). Atheists ________prone to discrimination. a) don’t b) didn’t c) aren’t d) can’t

Questão 08: EsPCEx - 2014 - Cadete do Exército The point of a rolezinho is “to hang out, chill, buy nice things, meet people”, explains Vinicius Andrade, a 17-year-old from Capão Redondo, a favela in western São Paulo. He has taken part in 18 big rolezinhos and helped organise a few, drawing some of his 89,000 Facebook followers. His 15-year-old girlfriend, Yasmin Oliveira, a rolezeiro sweetheart with 94,000 fans of her own on the social network, says that shopping centres make good meeting places because they are safe – an important consideration in a crime-ridden city. There are few other public venues for kids, especially in poorer neighbourhoods. (paragraph 3) In the sentence “...shopping centres make good meeting places because they are safe...” (paragraph 3), the word they refers to a) fans. b) shopping centers. c) rolezeiros. d) kids. e) neighbourhoods.

Questão 09: EPCAR - 2015 - Cadete da Aeronáutica In the sentence, “​Many countries​ have organized campaigns to make ​adults and children informed of its dangers.” (lines 29-30), the underlined expressions can be substituted for a) it – they. b) they – it. c) they – them. d) them – they.

Questão 10: Exército - 2011 - EsFCEx - Oficial Complete the text with the missing words, then choose the correct alternative. ________ best friend´s name is Kathy. ________ is ____________ the United States. _________ husband Jack lives with _________ in a beautiful house _________ Berkeley, California. Kathy comes _________Brazil every two years. a) My – She – in – Your – him – in – to b) My – She – from – Her – her – in – to c) My – She – in – your – her – at – from d) Your – She – in – His – her – in – from e) Your – He – from – Your – her – at – from

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