GABARITO COMENTADO - INGLÊS INTERMEDÍARIO - VERSÃO A

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LÍNGUA INGLESA *Read text III and mark the correct option for questions 21 to 32. Difficulties with reading hypertext Reading electronic documents requires learned skills in the same way that reading paper documents does. This process can often be observed in novice word processor users. While becoming used to the appearance of screen fonts and the necessity of reading text one screenful at a time, the user will often print the document for proof-reading. After becoming comfortable with the software and hardware environment, more and more of the layout and revision process is performed without reference to a printout. The first objection one usually hears when raising the idea of an electronic book is that one can't "curl up with a good computer" the way one can with a paper volume. Recently, with the advent of notebook (and smaller) computers, this complaint has been rendered obsolete for some. Furthermore, hypertext has several particular problems associated with its non-linear form: Disorientation Reading hypertext can be a disorienting experience for many readers. Much has been written about the so-called "lost in hyperspace" problem. In his survey, Conklin defines disorientation as "the tendency to lose one's sense of location and direction in a non-linear document". This effect is most pronounced in badly designed systems lacking sufficient context clues and navigation aids. Cognitive Overhead In "Hypertext: An Introduction and Survey," Conklin defines cognitive overhead as "the additional effort and concentration necessary to maintain several tasks or trails at one time". A well-designed hypertext system will minimize cognitive overhead. Missing Context Clues When reading a linear text, cohesion is maintained through a rich mesh of contextual clues. Words and phrases refer both backwards and forwards to other text. This occurs at all scales, from the local (within one sentence) to the global (between books). As non-linear text, hypertext disrupts this cohesion. An extended rhetoric is required for writing in hyperspace. (Adapted from: http://www3.iath.virginia.edu/elab/hfl0095.html)

21) According to the text reading hypertexts a) is like reading any text. b) doesn‟t demand any specific learning. c) is completely different from conventional reading. d) demands specific learning just like conventional reading. JUSTIFICATIVA DA ALTERNATIVA CORRETA: (LETRA: D) A ideia central é que ler documentos eletrônicos requer habilidades aprendidas da mesma forma que ler documentos em papel requerem “Reading electronic documents requires learned skills in the same way that reading paper documents does.” Fonte: O próprio texto. 22) Based on the first paragraph, the necessity of printing the texts for reading is due to the a) text level of difficult. b) need of a careful text review. c) possibility of taking the texts wherever you go. d) uncomfortable experience of hypertext new readers with text presentation. JUSTIFICATIVA DA ALTERNATIVA CORRETA: (LETRA: D) O usuário apresenta-se desconfortável em relação à aparência do texto, como em “While becoming used to the appearance of screen fonts and the necessity of reading text one screenful at a time, the user will often print the document for proof-reading” (Durante sua adaptação à aparência das fontes na tela e a necessidade de ler o texto em uma tela por vez, o usuário frequentemente imprime o documento para revisão). Fonte: O próprio texto.

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23) According to the second paragraph, mark the correct option. I. The objection to the use of electronic books is due to bad marketing strategies. II. The objection to the use of electronic books is due to the instability in electronics. III. The objection to the use of electronic books is due to the size of present computers in relation to conventional books. IV. The objection to the use of electronic books is due to the discomfort of not being able to physically enfold the electronic book like it can be done with the conventional one. a) Only I is correct. b) Only IV is correct. c) II and III are correct. d) III and IV are correct. JUSTIFICATIVA DA ALTERNATIVA CORRETA: (LETRA: B) O segundo parágrafo ressalta o estranhamento do leitor em não poder „envolver-se fisicamente‟ (curl up) com o computador como pode fazê-lo com o livro em papel. O tamanho (size) não é mais argumento contra. Fonte: O próprio texto. 24) The word „furthermore‟ (third paragraph) expresses an idea of a) time. b) addition. c) contrast. d) consequence. JUSTIFICATIVA DA ALTERNATIVA CORRETA: (LETRA: B) A palavra “furthermore” significa “além disso”, o que expressa ideia de adição. Fonte:  Cambridge University. Cambridge Advanced Learner‟s Dictionary. 2 Ed – 2005. nd  MURFHY, Raymond. Intermediate – Grammar in Use. 2 . Ed. Cambridge, 2000. nd

25) Based on the fourth and fifth paragraphs, “disorientation” in reading hypertexts is mainly caused by the a) non-linear structure of conventional books. b) users‟ natural tendency to get lost in cyberspace. c) users‟ lack of knowledge on how to build a hypertext. d) bad structure of some hypertexts, which do not have enough friendly navigation tools. JUSTIFICATIVA DA ALTERNATIVA CORRETA: (LETRA: D) A palavra-chave desta questão é “disorientation”, que o texto afirma ser, através da definição de Conklin, "the tendency to lose one's sense of location and direction in a non-linear document" (a tendência de se perder o senso de localização ou direção em um documento não-linear), reforçada por “badly designed systems lacking sufficient context clues and navigation aids” (sistemas mal projetados que não possuem pistas contextuais suficientes nem auxílio de navegação). Fonte: O próprio texto. 26) The subheading cognitive overhead is better translated as a) sobrecarga cognitiva. b) cognitivo supercabeça. c) super cabeça cognitiva. d) cognitivo sobre a cabeça. JUSTIFICATIVA DA ALTERNATIVA CORRETA: (LETRA: A) O sufixo “-over”, que forma o adjetivo “overhead”, transmite a ideia de excesso, exagero e a palavra “cognitive” significa “cognitiva(o)”. Portanto, a melhor tradução é “sobrecarga cognitiva”. CFOE 2013 – Gabarito Comentado – Inglês Intermediário – Versão A

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Fonte:  O próprio texto. nd  Cambridge University. Cambridge Advanced Learner‟s Dictionary. 2 Ed – 2005. 27) In the sentence “This effect is most pronounced in badly designed systems lacking sufficient context clues and navigation aids”, the words highlighted could be considered a) antonyms. b) deviations. c) opposites. d) synonyms. JUSTIFICATIVA DA ALTERNATIVA CORRETA: (LETRA: D) O significado das palavras destacadas “clues” (pistas ou indicações) e “aids” (auxílios ou ajudas) permite colocá-las no mesmo campo semântico positivo de itens que colaboram, contribuem para a movimentação do usuário em um hipertexto. Portanto, elas são sinônimas, similares. Fonte: O próprio texto. 28) Considering the sentence “This effect is most pronounced in badly designed systems…”, the suffix used in the word highlighted could also be used in the word a) man. b) main. c) male. d) maine. JUSTIFICATIVA DA ALTERNATIVA CORRETA: (LETRA: B) A palavra em destaque “badly” é um advérbio formado a partir do adjetivo “bad” e o sufixo “-ly”. O sufixo „-ly‟ não se atrela a substantivos “man”, “male” e “maine”. rd

Fonte: SWAN, Michael. Practical English Usage. 3 Ed. Oxford, 2005. 29) The word disrupts in “As non-linear text, hypertext disrupts this cohesion” (last paragraph), can be substituted, with no change of meaning, by a) closes. b) disturbs. c) decodes. d) enhances. JUSTIFICATIVA DA ALTERNATIVA CORRETA: (LETRA: B) A palavra „disrupts’ pode significar “quebrar”, “romper”. Atrelada à palavra “cohesion” (coesão) conclui-se que o hipertexto perturba, desorienta (disturbs) a coesão e não a decodifica “decodes”, fecha “closes” ou melhora “enhances” Fonte:  O próprio texto. nd  Cambridge University. Cambridge Advanced Learner‟s Dictionary. 2 Ed – 2005. 30) Considering the sentence “This effect is most pronounced”, which option contains the same degree variation of the highlighted part? a) Most problems happen at night. b) This record is best listened loud. c) Which of those two guys is richer? d) This situation is more terrible than we think.

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JUSTIFICATIVA DA ALTERNATIVA CORRETA: (LETRA: B) A palavra most é usada na frase em questão juntamente com o particípio pronounced para indicar seu superlativo como ocorre com “best listened”. As expressões “richer” e “more terrible” são estruturas de grau comparativo e a palavra „most’ é um advérbio de quantidade. Fonte: MURFHY, Raymond. Intermediate – Grammar In Use. 2

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Ed. Cambridge, 2000.

31) In the sentence “this complaint has been rendered obsolete for some” the highlighted structure (Present Perfect) was used to express the idea of an action that a) started and finished in the past. b) happened in the past at a definite past time. c) started in the past and continues up to the present. d) happened in the past before another past action took place. JUSTIFICATIVA DA ALTERNATIVA CORRETA: (LETRA: C) O Present Perfect (presente perfeito), quando usado com a palavra recently, designa uma ação que, iniciada no passado, permanece durativa até o presente. Fonte: MURFHY, Raymond. Intermediate – Grammar In Use. 2

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Ed. Cambridge, 2000.

32) The sentence “hypertext disrupts this cohesion” in the passive voice is a) this cohesion disrupted by hypertext. b) this cohesion is disrupts by hypertext. c) this cohesion is disrupted by hypertext. d) this cohesion has disrupted by hypertext. JUSTIFICATIVA DA ALTERNATIVA CORRETA: (LETRA: C) A forma verbal presente “disrupts” na voz passiva se apresenta como “is disrupted”, pois o auxiliar (de mesmo tempo) deve ser seguido pelo particípio passado (disrupted) do verbo principal. Fonte: MURFHY, Raymond. Intermediate – Grammar In Use. 2

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Ed. Cambridge, 2000.

*Read text IV and mark the correct option for questions 33 to 35.

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33) In this strip, Monica‟s question implies that she was a) let over by Jimmy Five‟s turning her down. b) run over by Jimmy Five‟s turning her down. c) let down by Jimmy Five‟s turning her down. d) run down by Jimmy Five‟s turning her down. JUSTIFICATIVA DA ALTERNATIVA CORRETA: (LETRA: C) O recusa de Cebolinha (Jimmy Five) em brincar de casinha com Mônica a desaponta (let down). nd

Fonte: Cambridge University. Cambridge Advanced Learner‟s Dictionary. 2 Ed – 2005. CFOE 2013 – Gabarito Comentado – Inglês Intermediário – Versão A

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34) If the expression how come in Monica‟s question was replaced by why, the question would come out as a) Why do you want to play house with me anymore, Jimmy? b) Why you not want to play house with me anymore, Jimmy? c) Why you don‟t want to play house with me anymore, Jimmy? d) Why don‟t you want to play house with me anymore, Jimmy? JUSTIFICATIVA DA ALTERNATIVA CORRETA: (LETRA: D) A expressão how come é seguida de uma estrutura similar a uma afirmativa, isto é, sujeito, verbo conjugado e complemento(s). O pronome interrogativo why é seguido de verbo auxiliar, sujeito e verbo (na forma básica ou particípio, dependendo do tempo verbal). Portanto, a alternativa que faz a transposição entre “how come” e “why” é a alternativa d. Fonte: MURFHY, Raymond. Intermediate – Grammar In Use. 2

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Ed. Cambridge, 2000.

35) Which option can replace Jimmy Five‟s response, keeping the same meaning? a) Think! b) All right! c) Chill out! d) Come off it! JUSTIFICATIVA DA ALTERNATIVA CORRETA: (LETRA: A) A palavra “guess” significa adivinha, pense ou suponha “think”, e não fala sério “chill out”, acalme-se “come off it” e tudo certo “all right” respectivamente não possuem a mesma ideia. nd

Fonte: Cambridge University. Cambridge Advanced Learner‟s Dictionary. 2 Ed – 2005. *Read text V and mark the correct option for questions 36 to 40. Pilot certification in the United States Pilot certification in the United States is required for an individual to act as a pilot of an aircraft. It is regulated by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), a branch of the Department of Transportation (DOT). A pilot is certified under the authority of Parts 61 and 141 of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations, also known as the Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs). An FAA-issued pilot certificate is evidence that an individual is duly authorized to exercise piloting privileges. The pilot certificate is one of several kinds of airman certificates issued by the FAA. A pilot is certificated to fly aircraft at one or more named privilege levels and, at each privilege level, rated to fly aircraft of specific categories. Privilege levels of pilot certificates are, in order of increasing privilege:  Student Pilot: an individual who is learning to fly under the tutelage of a flight instructor and who is permitted to fly alone under specific, limited circumstances;  Sport Pilot: an individual who is authorized to fly only Light-sport Aircraft;  Recreational Pilot: an individual who may fly aircraft of up to 180 horsepower (130 kW) and 4 seats in the daytime for pleasure only;  Private Pilot: an individual who may fly for pleasure or personal business, generally without accepting compensation;  Commercial Pilot: an individual who may, with some restrictions, fly for compensation or hire;  Airline Transport Pilot (often called ATP): an individual authorized to act as pilot in command for a scheduled airline. (Adapted from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_certification_in_the_United_States)

36) Based on text, classify the following assertions as true (T) or false (F) and mark the option which contains the correct sequence. ( ( ( (

) ) ) )

A pilot can be certified to fly aircrafts in only one privilege level. The Federal Aviation Administration is a subdivision of the Department of Transportation. The Department of Transportation is a subdivision of the Federal Aviation Administration. The Code of Federal Regulations can also be referred to as the Federal Aviation Regulations.

a) T – F – F – T b) F – T – T – F c) T – F – T – F d) F – T – F – T d) 4 – 1 – 3 – 2 CFOE 2013 – Gabarito Comentado – Inglês Intermediário – Versão A

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JUSTIFICATIVA DA ALTERNATIVA CORRETA: (LETRA: D) Os seguintes fragmentos traduzidos do texto justificam a classificação das afirmativas como falsas ou verdadeiras:  Um piloto é certificado para pilotar aeronave em um ou mais níveis “A pilot is certificated to fly aircraft at one or more named privilege levels”.  A administração da Aviação Federal, um membro/filial do Departamento de Transporte “the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), a branch of the Department of Transportation”.  A administração da Aviação Federal, um membro/filial do Departamento de Transporte “the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), a branch of the Department of Transportation”.  O Código de Regulamentos Federais, também conhecido por Regulamentos da Aviação Federal “the Code of Federal Regulations, also known as the Federal Aviation Regulations”. Fonte: O próprio texto. 37) Number the privilege levels from the highest to the lowest. I. Recreational. II. Commercial. III. Private. IV. Sport. a) III – I – II – IV b) I – II – IV – III c) III – IV – II – I d) IV – I – III – II JUSTIFICATIVA DA ALTERNATIVA CORRETA: (LETRA: A) O texto apresenta os níveis de privilégio em ordem crescente, como afirma o excerto “privilege levels of pilot certificates are, in order of increasing privilege” Fonte: O próprio texto. 38) The sentence “It is regulated by the Federal Aviation Administration” in the active voice is a) the Federal Aviation Administration regulates it. b) the Federal Aviation Administration regulated it. c) the Federal Aviation Administration regulates by it. d) the Federal Aviation Administration is regulated by it. JUSTIFICATIVA DA ALTERNATIVA CORRETA: (LETRA: A) A voz passiva é composta pelo verbo auxiliar “is” (presente) e o verbo principal “regulated” (no particípio passado). O verbo “regulate” corretamente conjugado no presente “regulates”. Referência Bibliográfica: unidade 43, página 86. Fonte: MURFHY, Raymond. Intermediate – Grammar In Use. 2

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Ed. Cambridge, 2000.

39) Combine the two columns and choose the option which contains the right sequence. (1) Student pilot (2) Recreational pilot (3) Private pilot (4) Sport pilot (5) Airline transport pilot (6) Commercial pilot

( ( ( ( ( (

) ) ) ) ) )

is the privilege level that allows the pilot to carry three more people on his aircraft. is the privilege to fly only aircrafts which are not heavy. is the lowest level a pilot may get privilege to. is the second highest privilege level. generally doesn‟t receive a salary for flying aircrafts. is the highest level a pilot may get privilege to.

a) 1 – 3 – 5 – 4 – 6 – 2 b) 5 – 2 – 6 – 4 – 3 – 1 c) 2 – 4 – 1 – 6 – 3 – 5 d) 4 – 1 – 3 – 2 – 5 – 6

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JUSTIFICATIVA DA ALTERNATIVA CORRETA: (LETRA: C) O texto descreve os níveis de privilégio. Para cada nível, encontram-se as seguintes informações que comprovam a sequência:  Student pilot – “is the lowest level a pilot may get privilege to”. O texto lista os níveis de privilégio em ordem crescente. O “Piloto Estudante” é o primeiro da lista, consequentemente é o nível mais baixo.  Recreational pilot – “is the privilege level that allows the pilot to carry three more people on his aircraft”. Segundo o texto, o “Piloto Recreativo” pode pilotar aeronaves com 4 lugares, portanto podemos inferir que ele pode transportar 3 pessoas mais.  Private pilot – “generally doesn’t receive a salary for flying aircrafts”. O “Piloto Particular” pilota por lazer e, como menciona o texto, não recebe salário/compensação (without accepting compensation).  Sport pilot – “is the privilege to fly only aircrafts which are not heavy”. Segundo o texto, o “Piloto Esportivo” só pode pilotar aeronaves esportivas leves (Light-sport Aircraft). Portanto, só pode pilotar aeronaves que não são pesadas.  Airline transport pilot – “is the highest level a pilot may get privilege to”. O texto lista os níveis de privilégio em ordem crescente. O “Piloto de Transporte Aéreo” é o último da lista, consequentemente é o nível mais alto.  Commercial pilot – “is the second highest privilege level”. O texto lista os níveis de privilégio em ordem crescente. O “Piloto Comercial” é o penúltimo da lista, consequentemente é segundo nível mais alto. Fonte: O próprio texto. 40) Considering the sentence “an FAA-issued pilot certificate is evidence that an individual is duly authorized to exercise piloting privileges”, the word highlighted means a) wrongly. b) properly. c) unsuitably. d) improperly. JUSTIFICATIVA DA ALTERNATIVA CORRETA: (LETRA: B) A palavra “duly” significa “devidamente”. Logo, o sinônimo adequado é “properly”. nd

Fonte: Cambridge University. Cambridge Advanced Learner‟s Dictionary. 2 Ed – 2005.

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