Prezentacja GLOBAL WARMING angielski

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GLOBALNE OCIEPLENIE

KINGACHMIEL

GLOBAL WARMING

RESEARCH QUESTION

Is the phenomenon of GLOBAL WARMING intensified by human activities?

HYPOTHESIS Human activities contribute to global warming by increasing the greenhouse gas.

A chart of the anthropogenic (“human generated”) greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. Figure: Greenhouse gas emissions by major gas. Each of these gases is emitted by human activities, contributing to a warming planet. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important greenhouse, stemming from fossil fuel combustion, land use, and industrial processes. Methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and fluorinated gases (f-gasses) are also important.

62%

62%

Data from the EPA, with adjustments to separate chemical and cement emissions of CO2 from fossil fuel combustion based on data from the World Resources Institute. 2019

One- f i f th of global g r eenhouse gas pollution comes f rom defor es tati on and forest deg r adation

Deforestation

Plants and trees a large amount of carbon dioxide within it as it takes carbon dioxide from the environment and releases oxygen. When vegetation is cut down or crops are burnt, they release this stored carbon dioxide in the atmosphere thereby contributing in global warming ★

Tropical forest loss currently accounts for 8 percent of the world’s annual carbondioxide emissions.

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Between 2015 and 2017, forest-related emissions were 63 percent higher than the average for the previous 14 years, rising from 3 billion to 4.9 billion metric tons per year.

Burning of Fossil Fuels Over the past years, the world’s industrialized nations have hanged the balance of carbon content in the atmosphere by burning huge amounts of fossil fuels which contains concentrated carbon such as coal, oil, and gas. This is one of the biggest sources of emission of carbon dioxide that allows radiative forcing and contributes to global warming.

THE ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATION OF CO2

★ Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main heat-trapping gas largely responsible for most of the average warming over the past several decades. ★ In 2013 the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii recorded more than 400ppm. In March 2015 global averages reached this threshold, and in September 2016 the world reached a point of no-return: CO2 concentration levels are unlikely to dip below 400 ppm again. As of this spring (2019), the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere rose to about 415 ppm.

2019 - 415ppm

The atmospheric concentration of CO2 has increased dramatically, from a pre-industrial era (AD 1000 – 1750) concentration of approximately 280 parts per million (ppm) to today's 400 ppm.

METHANE EMISSION

CH₄ is an important greenhouse gas and also a precursor of the air pollutant O3. About 60% of the current globalmethane is emitted by sources like agriculture(especially from rice fields and cattle), landfills, biomass burning, wastewater, and the production and pipeline transport of fossil fuels, while ca 40% is from natural sources. At world level, CH₄ emissions and concentrations are still increasing.

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Methane (CH4) persists in the atmosphere for far less time than carbon dioxide (about a decade), it is much more potent in terms of the greenhouse effect. In fact its global warming impact is 25 times greater thanthat of carbon dioxide over a 100-year period. Globally it accounts for approximately 16 percent of human-generated greenhouse gas emissions.

➔ This emerging dynamic highlights methane’s growing contribution to global warming relative to the observed slower growth rates of CO2 over the past threeyears.

Figure 1. Top: projections of atmospheric methane concentrations(left, ppb) and carbon dioxide concentrations(right, ppm) for the four Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP)scenarios and observed globally averaged atmospheric abundance at marine boundary layer sites from the NOAA network (black, Dlugockenky 2016). (https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/120207/pdf;Article

It has a GWP 300 times that of carbon dioxide on a 100-year time scale, and it remains in the atmosphere, on average, a little more than a century. It accounts for about 6 percent of human-caused greenhouse gas emissions worldwide.

Nitrous oxide N2O, the third most important greenhouse gas (GHG) and the most abundantly emitted ozone depleting substance. Nitrous oxide is emitted during agricultural and industrial activities (fertilizer), combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste, as well as during treatment of wastewater.

Fluorinated gases: Synthetic, powerful greenhouse gases that are emitted from a variety of industrial processes. Fluorinated gases are sometimes used as substitutes for stratospheric ozone-depleting substances These gases are emitted in smaller quantities. These chemicals are typically used as refrigerants or in industrial processes.

Emitted in smaller quantities than other greenhouse gases (they account for just 2 percent of man-made global greenhouse gas emissions), they trap substantially more heat. Indeed, the GWP for these gases can be in the thousands to tens of thousands, and they have long atmospheric lifetimes,in some cases lasting tens of thousands of years.

HARMFUL EFFECTS OF GLOBALWARMING ★

Expected long-term effects of current global warming are rising sea levels, flooding, melting of polar ice caps and glaciers, fluctuations in temperature and precipitation, drought, heat waves and forest fires

Polar bears have become a symbol of global warming, because the Arctic landscape is one of the first to absorb the impact of rising temperatures. Warming temperatures melt polar ice and force animals like the polar bear to move farther south in search of food and other resources.

TEST HYPOTHESIS & CONCLUSION ★

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The results support the hypothesis human activities contribute to global warming by increasing the greenhouse gas. Continued emission of greenhouse gases will cause further warming and long-lasting changes in all components of the climate system, increasing the likelihood of severe, pervasive and irreversible impacts for people and ecosystems. Scientists worry that the climate is changing faster than some living things can adapt to it.

WHAT WE CAN DO ? ★

Some scientists are working to capture carbon dioxide and store it underground, rather than let it go into the atmosphere. This process is called carbon sequestration.

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We can improve the fuel efficiency of cars and other vehicles. We can also support development of alternative energy sources, such as solar power and biofuels, that don’t involve burning fossilfuels.

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We can improve energy efficiency in homes and businesses. Protecting existing forests and planting newones Changes in farming practices (reduce the use offertilizers)

BIBLIOGRAPHY https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/11/12/120207/pdf;Article https://skepticalscience.com/fact-check-trump-picks-on-agw.html https://globalecoguy.org/the-three-most-important-graphs-in-climate-change-e64d3f4ed76 2019 https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/global-trends-methane-emissions-and-their-impacts-ozone-concentrations https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/11/9/094003/meta#erlaa37b

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S01609327163003086f2 https://www.ucsusa.org/global-warming/science-and-impacts/science/human-contribution-to-gw-faq.html#.XGMafLh9jIUct/ https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/greenhouse-effe

https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2019/07/24/global-warming-climate-warming-faster-than-has-last-2-000-years/1816664001/ https://scitechdaily.com/has-global-warming-stopped/ http://lawjournals.stmjournals.in/index.php/jel/article/view/248/185

https://www.nrdc.org/stories/greenhouse-effect-101 https://news.mongabay.com/2018/10/tropical-deforestation-now-emits-more-co2-than-the-eu/