Aula 21 - Ingles - Aula 04

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar

Dear Students, How are you? Welcome to Class 4 ! Estão motivados e focados em seus objetivos? Vejam o ‘esquema’ abaixo...Vocês estão no caminho certo para o sucesso?! Tenho certeza de que estão sim. Espero que esta aula4 lhes ajude a chegar ao lá...

Nossa Aula 4 está estruturada assim:

Parte 1 Questões: Cesgranrio/Eletrobras/2010;Esaf/CGU/2004; Cespe/TCU/2011 Parte 2

Questões Inéditas

Parte 3

Dicas

Parte 4

Questões desta aula e Gabarito ‘seco’

Parte 1

Questões gabaritadas e comentadas

CESGRANRIO/ELETROBRÁS/2010 Text 1 Could you live without electricity? 1.6 billion are in the dark, using dirty fuels to get by

Prof. Vladia Mattar

www.pontodosconcursos.com.br

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar Earth Day has come and gone, but it’s a fact of daily — and especially nightly — life that 1.6 billion people around the globe have no electricity in their homes. Instead, most use wood, coal or even dung to heat and cook their homes — resulting in indoor air pollution that kills 1.6 million people a year. It’s not expected to improve much, and in Africa it’s predicted to worsen. By 2030, when Earth’s population will likely top 8 billion, 1.3 billion people will still lack electricity, the International Energy Agency estimates. Of those, 700 million will be in Africa, and 490 million in South Asia. Case in point: Ghana, in West Africa, where most of the northern half of the country lives without lights. A decade ago, Ghana’s government launched a campaign to electrify the rural north but, except for periodic jumpstarts during election season, it has languished. As a result, three out of four Ghanans in the north are without electricity to refrigerate with, to cook with, to study with, to start businesses with. Like most others around the world in the same situation, these Ghanans use traditional fuels (wood, coal, dung) to meet their cooking needs. The World Health Organization estimates that using those fuels, which also releases greenhouse gases, is responsible for 1.5 million deaths per year — most of them children and women. What would electricity for everyone around the globe cost? The International Energy Agency, which is made up of 28 member countries, figures it would run $35 billion a year from 2008 to 2030 to reach that. The United Nations (UN) has taken up the issue, organizing a summit on April 28 hosted by secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. “Energy services are essential for meeting basic human needs, reducing poverty, creating and accumulating wealth and sustaining advances in social development,” he said in announcing the summit. “Access to adequate, affordable and basic modern energy services is thus crucial to achieving sustainable human development.” In a video report, Peter DiCampo shows what life without lights is like in Ghana as he follows residents into their darkness and reveals their attempts to improvise. “Whenever they post teachers in our schools, the teachers don’t want to stay because we don’t have lights”, said one resident DiCampo interviewed. However, in the same region, mobile phones are widespread, and a growing local film industry allows northerners to see movies in a setting and language familiar to them for the first time. All of this exists despite the absence of a convenient outlet in which to plug basic electronic appliances. © 2010 msnbc.com http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/36712257/ns/world_news-world_environment/Retrieved June 4, 2010. (slightly adapted)

1- CESGRANRIO/ELETROBRÁS/2010 The author’s main intention in Text I is to (A) criticize the high costs of electricity in most African countries. (B) defend the electrification of regions which lack modern energy services. (C) convince the government of Ghana to invest in the mobile phone industry. (D) suggest that some traditional fuels can be harmless substitutes to electricity in Africa. (E) warn about the spread of lung diseases in African population due to the use of coal as fuel. Prof. Vladia Mattar

www.pontodosconcursos.com.br

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar

COMENTÁRIO: O caput traz author’s main intention = a intenção principal do autor. Há duas passagens que indicam essa intenção: “Earth Day has come and gone, but it’s a fact of daily — and especially nightly — life that 1.6 billion people around the globe have no electricity in their homes” “Access to adequate, affordable and basic modern energy services is thus crucial to achieving sustainable human development.” Vocabulário perntinente da questão: • criticize = criticar • defend = defender • convince=convencer • suggest=sugerir • warn= alerter • affordable= pagável, • thus= então, por isso (A) Errada. Sua intenção principal não é criticar os custos elevados da eletricidade nos países africanos. (B) Certa. (C) Errada. Não é sua intenção convencer ! (D) Errada. Não é sugerir que combustíveis tradicionais são substitutos inofencíveis de eletricidade na África. (E) Errada. Não é alertar sobre doenças respiratórias causadas por carvão ( combustível usado no local ). GABARITO: B 2- CESGRANRIO/ELETROBRÁS/2010 In “By 2030, when Earth’s population will likely top 8 billion,” “will likely” means the same as (A) will certainly. (B) will similarly. (C) will probably. (D) will eventually. (E) will considerably. COMENTÁRIO: Essa questão exige conhecimento de vocabulário e de gramática. Não é necessário nem reler o texto para respondê-la. Na hora da pressa é importante reconhecer questões desse tipo, que não requerem interpretação pura...Good for us! Assim podemos ganhar tempo!

Prof. Vladia Mattar

www.pontodosconcursos.com.br

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar Likely = probably. Apesar de likely (advérbio) ser parecido com like=gostar (verbo), eles não estão no mesmo campo semântico. Atenção! As semelhanças enganam. GABARITO: C 3- CESGRANRIO/ELETROBRÁS/2010 Ghana is mentioned in Text because (A) Ban Ki-moon, United Nations Secretary-General, was born there. (B) its population of 1.3 billion people will still lack electricity in 2030. (C) it is the only country in Africa to have mobile phones and a growing film industry. (D) it is a typical example of a country that suffers with the absence of investments in electricity. (E) it has celebrated Earth Day stimulating the population to use coal for cooking and heating homes. COMENTÁRIO: Podemos usar scanning! Ache Ghana no texto e leia o trecho. Veja o trecho abaixo: “Case in point: Ghana, in West Africa, where most of the northern half of the country lives without lights. A decade ago, Ghana’s government launched a campaign to electrify the rural north but, except for periodic jumpstarts during election season, it has languished.” A assertiva D começa com “it is a typical example”; typical example = case in point = por exemplo. As demais alternativas não correspondem a nenhuma parte do texto. GABARITO: D 4- CESGRANRIO/ELETROBRÁS/2010 The expression in boldface introduces the idea of consequence in: (A) “Instead, most use wood, coal or even dung to heat and cook their homes” (B) “…but, except for periodic jumpstarts during election season,” (C) “Access to adequate, affordable and basic modern energy services is thus crucial to achieving sustainable human development.” (D) “However, in the same region, mobile phones are widespread,” (E) “All of this exists despite the absence of a convenient outlet in which to plug basic electronic appliances.” COMENTÁRIO: Pessoal, a CESGRANRIO gosta de sentence connectors: olha o thus aí. Thus= as a result = conseqüência. “Instead” = ao invés de Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar “But, however e despite” = mas , contudo e apesar de. Eles expressam contrast. Esta questão explora conhecimentos gramaticais. Dispensa a leitura do texto, mas você deve ler para aprender novas palavras e responder as demais questões. Esta dica é apenas para otimizar o seu tempo na hora da prova, ok? GABARITO: C 5- CESGRANRIO/ELETROBRÁS/2010 Based on the meanings in the text, the two items are synonymous in: (A) “... worsen.” – improve. (B) “... made up of...” – composed of. (C) “figures...” – numbers. (D) “has taken up...” – has discarded. (E) “affordable...” – expensive. COMENTÁRIO Esta questão exige a leitura das frases em que as palavras aparecem. Vamos usar scanning? Negritei para facilitar para vocês. Na prova, vale circular, sublinhar e até fazer coração, se estiver in love... As letras A, D e E trazem opções que são opostas, não sinônimas. Restam as letras C e B. Vimos na Aula Zero que “figure” pode significar número. Então temos que ver como foi usada no texto... “figure” = think, calculate (pensar, calcular). “Figure”, aqui, é verbo. Made up of = composto de Take up= aderir Affordable= acessível financeiramente GABARITO: B 6- CESGRANRIO/ELETROBRÁS/2010 In the text, Ban Ki-moon states that energy services: (A) cannot aid nations to overcome difficulties in human development. (B) can play a fundamental role in the fulfillment of basic human needs. (C) are unavailable in poor countries with sustained social development. (D) will have no impact on promoting social advances or on reducing poverty. (E) will help poor nations accumulate wealth and produce electrical appliances. COMENTÁRIO: Aqui usamos o scanning para achar o trecho que a assertiva menciona. Veja o trecho: “Energy services are essential for meeting basic human needs, reducing poverty, creating and accumulating wealth and sustaining advances in social development,” he [Ban Ki-moon ] said in announcing the summit.” Prof. Vladia Mattar

www.pontodosconcursos.com.br

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar

Note que o examinador quer saber se você entende “play a role” = desempenhar um papel e “fullfilment” = complemento, satisfação. GABARITO: B ESAF/GCU/2004 Essa prova traz um texto sobre o banco central! Legal, não é??l!! Text 2 Brazil’s Central Bank Rate Vote Underscores Division Two of the Brazilian central bank’s nine-member board called for a smaller interest rate cut last week than policy makers approved, underscoring disagreement over the pace of a recovery in Brazil and its effect on inflation. The vote, the first show of dissent since Henrique Meirelles became the bank’s president, may signal that the bank may be less inclined to lower the benchmark lending rate in coming months after cutting it six times since June. The board said in minutes of the meeting distributed today that its vote to lower the overnight target rate to 17.5 percent from 19 percent was aimed at giving a boost to an economy that suffered its biggest back-to-back quarterly contractions in seven years between April and September. Internet : www.bloomberg.com

Accessed in Nov/2003

7- ESAF/GCU/2004 In paragraph 1, the text refers to an interest rate cut which a) has been the lowest since 2002. b) has been the first one since April 2003. c) has not been approved by the World Bank. d) was not established by consensus. e) reflects the consumers’ expectations. COMENTÁRIO interest rate cut = corte na taxa de juros a) ERRADA. has been the lowest since 2002. O texto não nos informa que foi o mais baixo ( the lowest ). Vale apena olhar os compatives e superlatives do Dicas da aula de hoje . b) ERRADA. has been the first one since April 2003. the first one= o primeiro c) ERRADA. has not been approved by the World Bank. O texto diz que o corte da taxa de juros não foi a aprovada pelos legisladores = policy makers d) CERTA. Realmente não houve um consenso. Veja os trechos: “…underscoring disagreement...” ( ressaltando o desacordo). “The vote, the first show of dissent since…” primeiro sinal de divergência.

Prof. Vladia Mattar

www.pontodosconcursos.com.br

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar e) ERRADA. reflects the consumers’ expectations. Segundo a aseertiva o corte do juros reflete as expectativas dos consumidores...Nada a ver, pessoal. O texto não menciona isso. GABARITO: D 8- ESAF/GCU/2004 In paragraph 3, the author refers to a) the present Brazilian economic boom. b) an interest rate increase of 1.5%. c) consecutive economic contractions. d) the highest interest rate increase since April. e) a coming decision to lower target rates. COMENTÁRIO “ (…)its vote to lower the overnight target rate … was aimed at giving a boost to an economy that suffered its biggest back-to-back quarterly contractions in seven years between April and September. As principais palavras do trecho são: lower = baixar rate = taxa, índice contractions = contrações, encollhimento in seven years = em sete anos Com essas informações analisemos as opções: a) ERRADA. the present Brazilian economic boom. Crescimento b) ERRADA. an interest rate increase of 1.5%. Crescimento c) CERTA. consecutive economic contractions. Observe: “in seven years”… d) ERRADA. the highest interest rate increase since April. A maior Interest= juros e) ERRADA. a coming decision to lower target rates. Uma decisão futura GABARITO: C 9-ESAF/GCU/2004 According to the text, Brazil’s central bank rate vote demonstrates a) disagreement b) confrontation c) illegitimacy d) unanimity e) coherence COMENTÁRIO Vocabulário, people! Lembra do trecho sobre o voto? Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar “The vote, the first show of dissent since…” primeiro sinal de divergência. a) CERTA. Disagreement (desacordo) b) ERRADA. confrontation (confronto) c) ERRADA. illegitimacy (ilegitimidade) d) ERRADA. unanimity (unanimidade) e) ERRADA. coherence(coerência) GABARITO: A 10- ESAF/GCU/2004 The text a) underscores the sudden recovery of Brazil’s economy. b) reports decisions concerning interest rate reductions. c) points out the sharp fall in Brazil’s inflationary rates. d) refers to a decision supported by the World Bank. e) emphasizes the urgent need of interest rate cuts. COMENTÁRIO Pessoal, esta sobre compreensão geral do texto. a) ERRADA. underscores the sudden recovery of Brazil’s economy. A assertiva fala sobre a recuperação do Brasil. O texto fala sobre uma contração na economia – o contrário! b) CERTA. reports decisions concerning interest rate reductions. É isso aí: o texto fala das decisões relacionadas às reduções das taxas de juros. c) ERRADA. points out the sharp fall in Brazil’s inflationary rates. Não fala de: queda acentuada nos indices inflacionários do Brasil. d) ERRADA. refers to a decision supported by the World Bank. O texto não menciona o World Bank (Banco Mundial)! e) ERRADA. emphasizes the urgent need of interest rate cuts. GABARITO: B Text 3 Responsibility of Accountants and Auditors How can accountants and auditors help in this anticorruption drive? First of all, accountants are the first set of gatekeepers to ensure that transactions are valid, at arm’s-length, captured, and properly recorded according to established standards. Secondly, “as professionals with a duty to protect the public interest, they are bound by rigorous codes of professional and personal ethics calling for the highest levels of integrity and objectivity”. Thirdly, “their key strategic positions within an enterprise or organization – whether in an internal position or as an external auditor or adviser – mean that they very often have access to highly privileged and confidential information.”(Frank Harding: “Corruption: Rising to the Challenge”, IFAC – May/1999.) Both accountants and auditors perform their respective functions on the bases of national and international standards of practice which have clear guidelines in 8 Prof. Vladia Mattar www.pontodosconcursos.com.br

INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar identifying, for instance, indicators of fraud and other irregularities, and reporting these to the highest levels of authority. Internet: www.guyanajournal.com Accessed in Nov/2003

11- ESAF/GCU/2004 According to the author, integrity and objectivity are a) regarded as questionable principles. b) considered disruptive elements. c) seen as disregarded principles. d) to be observed and maintained. e) considered antagonistic principles. COMENTÁRIO OK, a banca quer informações sobre “integrity” e “objectivity” (integridade e objetividade). Vamos buscá-las no texto? “…as professionals with a duty to protect the public interest, they are bound by rigorous codes of professional and personal ethics calling for the highest levels of integrity and objectivity”. “professionals” retoma Accountants and Auditors Vamos ver as opções? integridade e objetividade são: a) ERRADA. regarded as questionable principles. Guys, a assertiva reporta que integridade e objetividade são considerados (regarded) princípios questionáveis. O texto diz que esses são os dois princípios que devem ser alcançados nos seus mais elevados níveis (calling for the highest levels) pelos auditores e pelos contadores. b) ERRADA. considered disruptive elements. O texto não diz que a integridade e a objetividade são considerados elementos que trazem ruptura (disruptive). c) ERRADA. seen as disregarded principles. texto, a integridade e a objetividade não são vistos como princípios desconsiderados ou desrespeitados (disregarded). O texto diz que esses são os dois princípios que devem ser alcançados nos seus mais elevados níveis (calling for the highest levels) pelos auditores e pelos contadores. d)CERTA. to be observed and maintained. De acordo com o texto, esses são princípios almejados pelos auditores e contadores nos seus mais altos níveis, logo, devem sem observados e mantidos. e) ERRADA. considered antagonistic principles. Não são princípios considerados antagônicos. GABARITO: D Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar

12- ESAF/GCU/2004 According to the text, accountants and auditors a) play no role in fighting corruption. b) may investigate bribery and nepotism. c) seldom participate in the anticorruption effort. d) are expected to restrain transparency and accountability. e) are expected to help curb corrupt practices. COMENTÁRIO Students, o examinador está cobrando compreensão os auditors “ (contadores e auditores)...

“accountants and

vejamos as alternativas ... a) ERRADA. play no role in fighting corruption. A alternativa afirma que os auditores e contadores não desempenham um papel (play no role) no combate à corrupção. Essa não precisava nem ler o texto, certo? b) ERRADA. may investigate bribery and nepotism. O texto não nos diz que Auditores e contadores podem investigar suborno e nepotismo. May dá idéia de possibilidade. De outra forma, o texto diz que eles identificam fraudes ou outras irregularidades... Veja o texto: “…identifying, for instance, indicators of fraud and other irregularities, and reporting these to the highest levels of authority.” [...identificando, por exemplo, indicadores de fraude e outras irregularidades, reportando-os às autoridades de níveis mais altos.] c)ERRADA. seldom participate in the anticorruption effort. “seldom”(raramente) participam de esforços anticorrupção.

O erro está em

Vale lembrar os principais advérbios de frequência: Memorize-os!

Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar









seldom/rarely: raramente sometimes: às vezes always: sempre often: frequentemente usually: habitualmente never: nunca

Geralmente, vêm posicionados antes do verbo, ou no começo da oração. Exemplo: “I always drink coffee in the morning, but I seldom put sugar in it” d) ERRADA. are expected to restrain transparency and accountability. Vocabulary, people... Auditores e contadores restringindo a transparência e accountability não faz sentido. e) CERTA. are expected to help curb corrupt practices. Agora sim! Esta alternativa afirma que é esperado [destes profissionais] que eles “help curb” ajudem a controlar práticas corruptas. GABARITO: E Cespe/TCU/2011 Text 4 Government accountants and auditors work in the public sector, maintaining and examining the records of government agencies and auditing private businesses and 4 individuals whose activities are subject to government regulations or taxation. Accountants employed by Federal, State, and local governments ensure that revenues are received 7 and expenditures are made in accordance with laws and regulations. Those employed by the Federal Government may work as Internal Revenue Service agents or in financial Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar 10 management, financial institution examination, or budget analysis and administration. Internal auditors verify the effectiveness of their 13 organization’s internal controls and check for mismanagement, waste, or fraud. They examine and evaluate their firms’ financial and information systems, management procedures, 16 and internal controls to ensure that records are accurate and controls are adequate. They also review company operations, evaluating their efficiency, effectiveness, and compliance with 19 corporate policies and government regulations. Because computer systems commonly automate transactions and make information readily available, internal auditors may also help 22 management evaluate the effectiveness of their controls based on real-time data, rather than personal observation. They may recommend and review controls for their organization’s 25 computer systems to ensure their reliability and integrity of the data. Internal auditors may also have specialty titles, such as information technology auditors, environmental auditors, and 28 compliance auditors. Technology is rapidly changing the nature of the work of most accountants and auditors. With the aid of special 31 software packages, accountants summarize transactions in the standard formats of financial records and organize data in special formats employed in financial analysis. These 34 accounting packages greatly reduce the tedious work associated with data management and recordkeeping. Computers enable accountants and auditors to be more mobile and to use their 37 clients’ computer systems to extract information from databases and the Internet. As a result, a growing number of accountants and auditors with extensive computer skills 40 specialize in correcting problems with software or in developing software to meet unique data management and analytical needs. Accountants also are beginning to perform 43 more technical duties, such as implementing, controlling, and auditing computer systems and networks and developing technology plans. Internet: (adapted). Based on the text above, judge the following items. 13) Cespe/TCU/2011 ________Automated transactions of computer systems have now been readily replaced by personal observation. COMENTÁRIO: Pessoal, o examinador, como sempre, tentou confundir com um jogo de palavras que não corresponde à informação do texto. Veja o trecho: Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar “Because computer systems commonly automate transactions and make information readily available, internal auditors may also help management evaluate the effectiveness of their controls based on real-time data, rather than personal observation “ o texto diz que, com a automação das informações, os auditores podem fazer o controle em informação em tempo real, ao invés de usar de observação pessoal. O contrario do que traz a assertiva, que diz que as transações foram substituídas ( replaced ) pela observação pessoal. GABARITO: E 14) Cespe/TCU/2011 ________ Accounting packages significantly decrease the absorbing work linked to data management and recordkeeping. COMENTÁRIO: Questão maldosa! Eu achei… veja o trecho: “These accounting packages greatly reduce the tedious work associated with data management and recordkeeping.” A banca discutiu o conceito de absorbing (no texto) e tedious (assertiva). Essas palavras estão em campos semânticos diferentes e opostos.
Absorbing = que demanda muita atenção
Tedious = entediante

GABARITO: E 15) Cespe/TCU/2011 ________An increasing number of accountants and auditors are now able to cope with data management and analytical needs. COMENTÁRIO: Vejamos o trecho em que a resposta se encontra: “…a growing number of accountants and auditors with extensive computer skills specialize in correcting problems with software or in developing software to meet unique data management and analytical needs…” Dear students, a banca quer saber vocabulário. Vejamos as correspondências entre texto e assertiva:
Growing = increasing = um [número] crescente
To cope with = to meet = lidar com GABARITO: C 16) Cespe/TCU/2011 _______Accountants are now starting to perform more technical tasks. Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar

COMENTÁRIO: Perfect!! Esta foi simples. Olhem o texto: “…Accountants also are beginning to perform more technical duties…” O segredo é saber que “tasks” = “duties” = tarefas! GABARITO: C 17) Cespe/TCU/2011 ______Government accountants work for private enterprises and individuals. COMENTÁRIO: A assertiva diz que os contadores do governo trabalham para empresas privadas e indivíduos. Olhem este trecho: “…Government accountants and auditors work in the public sector” GABARITO: E

18) Cespe/TCU/2011 ______Accountants hired by Federal, State, and local governments guarantee that the total income is received and expenditure is set as required by laws and regulations. COMENTÁRIO Reescritura, guys!!! Vamos aos links entre a assertiva e o texto? Accountants hired by Federal, State, and local governments guarantee that the total income is received and expenditure is set as required by laws and regulations. Accountants employed by Federal, State, and local governments ensure that revenues are received and expenditures are made in accordance with laws and regulations.


Hired by = employed by = empregado por
Guarantee = ensure = garantir
Set as required = are made in accordance with = são feitos como / de acordo com GABARITO: C 19) Cespe/TCU/2011 Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar ________Accountants and auditors employed by the Federal Government ought to work as Internal Revenue agents or in financial management, financial institute examination, or budget analysis and administration. COMENTÁRIO: A questão traz ought to= tem que, deve Veja o texto: “…Those employed by the Federal Government may work as Internal Revenue Service agents or in financial management, financial institution examination, or budget analysis and administration…” May= podem,expressa uma possibilidade! Modals!!!! Você poderá encontrar um desses em sua prova! revisá-los.

Vale a pena

Vamos revisar os principais? Modal Can

Could

May

Example

Uses

They can control their own budgets.

Ability / Possibility

We can’t fix it.

Inability / Impossibility

Can I smoke here?

Asking for permission

Can you help me?

Request

Could I borrow your dictionary?

Asking for permission.

Could you say it again more slowly?

Request

We could try to fix it ourselves.

Suggestion

I think we could have another Gulf War.

Future possibility

He gave up his old job so he could work for us.

Ability in the past

May I have another cup of coffee?

Asking for permission

China may become a major economic power.

Future possibility

Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar Might

We'd better phone tomorrow, they might be eating

Present possibility

their dinner now. Future possibility They might give us a 10% discount. Must

We must say good-bye now.

Necessity / Obligation

They mustn’t disrupt the work more than necessary. Prohibition Ought to We ought to employ a professional writer. Shall

Shall I help you with your luggage?

Saying what’s right or correct Offer

(More common in Shall we say 2.30 then? the UK than

Suggestion

Shall I do that or will you?

Asking what to do

We should sort out this problem at once.

Saying what’s right or correct

I think we should check everything again.

Recommending action

Profits should increase next year.

Uncertain prediction

I can’t see any taxis so I’ll walk.

Instant decisions

I'll do that for you if you like.

Offer

I’ll get back to you first thing on Monday.

Promise

Profits will increase next year.

Certain prediction

Would you mind if I brought a colleague with me?

Asking for permission

Would you pass the salt please?

Request

Would you mind waiting a moment?

Request

"Would three o`clock suit you?" - "That’d be fine."

Making arrangements

Would you like to play golf this Friday?

Invitation

"Would you prefer tea or coffee?" - "I’d like tea

Preferences

the US) Should

Will

Would

please." Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar

GABARITO: E 20) Cespe/TCU/2011 _______Internal auditors check over the effectiveness of their organization’s internal control. COMENTÁRIO: Gente, essa foi de graça! Às vezes a banca até que dá uma aliviada, não é mesmo? Veja o texto: “ …Internal auditors verify the effectiveness of their organization’s internal controls and check for mismanagement, waste, or fraud.” • Check over= verify Vocab pertinente: • Mismanagement= mal gerenciamento • Waste= disperdício • Fraud= fraude GABARITO: C 21) Cespe/TCU/2011 ______Internal auditors are in charge of preventing mismanagement, waste, or fraud. COMENTÁRIO: Esta está sutil. Concursando, atenção! Veja o texto: Internal auditors verify the effectiveness of their organization’s internal controls and check for mismanagement, waste, or fraud. [ Os auditors internos verificam a efetividade do controle interno de suas organizações e checam quanto ao mal gerenciamento, desperdício ou fraude.] A assertiva diz que os auditores estão encarregados de prevenir ( in charge of preventing ) mal gerenciamento, desperdício e fraude. GABARITO: E 22) Cespe/TCU/2011 _____The pronoun “their” (R.36) refers to “clients’ computer systems” (R.37). COMENTÁRIO: “their” é um pronome possessivo adjetivo. Lembra dos pronomes possessivos? Revisando...

Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar I (eu) You (você) He (ele) She (ela) It (isso/aquilo) We (nós) You (vocês) They (eles)

My Your His Her Its Our Your Their

Meu Seu Dele Dela Dele(dela)/seu(s),sua(s) Nosso Seu Deles (delas)

Vamos analisar a questão? “…Computers enable accountants and auditors to be more mobile and to use their clients’ computer systems to extract information from databases and the Internet…” [ Os computadores ajudam os contadores e auditores a serem mais ágeis e a usarem os sistemas dos computadores de seus clientes para...] o pronome (possessivo) their está se referindo a accountants and auditors. GABARITO: E

Parte 2

QUESTÕES INÉDITAS

Vladia/INÉDITA/2012 Text 5 Deforestation Chopping down the Amazon May 26th 2011

by The Economist online

Making sense of the numbers on the Brazilian Amazon UNDERSTANDING what is happening to the world's largest tropical forest is hard: efforts to monitor deforestation in the Amazon are hampered by cloud cover, which can prevent satellites from getting a full picture of what's happening on the ground. The numbers also tend to ping around month by month, prompting alarm among conservationists one month and triumphalism from Brazil's government, which tries to prevent illegal logging, the next. The most recent release from Brazil's National Institute for Space Research showed a 473% increase in deforestation during March and April 2011 compared with the same period last year. This sounds alarming, and it may well turn out to be so. But it also comes in the context of falling deforestation. It will probably be a couple of years before it is possible to tell for sure whether the government's

Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar proposal to regularize land tenure in the Amazon region is resulting in more active chainsaws there.

23- VLÁDIA/INÉDITA/2012 It is correct to say that: A) “…Deforestation…” and florestation express contradictory ideas. B) “…Chopping down…” means the same as cutting in small pieces. C) “…Hampered…” and hindered are antonyms. D) “…Prevent…” and avoid are not synonyms. E) “…Falling...” is similar to raising COMENTÁRIO Cuidado, pessoal!! Os termos corretos são: Forest (floresta) forestation (florestamento) e deforestation (desflorestamento, desmatamento). Muita gente boa em Inglês confunde isso. A) ERRADA. B) CERTA. C) ERRADA. D) ERRADA. E) ERRADA.

A palavra Florestation não existe. “hamper” (dificultar, impedir) e “hinder” (impedir) são sinônimos “Prevent” e “Avoid” são sinônimos, significam evitar “Falling” (cair) é o oposto de “raising” (levantar)

Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar A CESGRANRIO gosta de questões de vocabulário como esta! Bolei esta questão para vocês ficarem bem afiados! GABARITO: B 24- VLÁDIA/INÉDITA/2012 Read and judge RIGHT or WRONG. ____We can infer from the text that the weather condition in the rain forest is a key element when keeping track of the deforestation. COMENTÁRIO Correta. Essa inferência pode ser constatada no trecho: “efforts to monitor deforestation in the Amazon are hampered by cloud cover, which can prevent satellites from getting a full picture of what's happening on the ground”. GABARITO: CERTA 25- VLÁDIA/INÉDITA/2012 This (line 9) refers to: A) 473% increase B) National Institute Space Research C) period last year D) 473% increase in deforestation E) March and April 2011 COMENTÁRIO O “This” (isso ou aquilo) nesta frase retoma uma idéia já mencionada antes. . Você deve ler a frase anterior para achar a resposta. Veja o trecho: “The most recent release from Brazil's National Institute for Space Research showed a 473% increase in deforestation during March and April 2011 compared with the same period last year. This sounds alarming, and it may well turn out to be so” GABARITO: D 26- VLADIA/INÉDITA/2012 According to the text, it is correct to say that: A) The Government’s proposal to regularize land tenure in the Amazon will result in more deforestation. B) It will take long to find out if the Government’s actions will diminish the cutting down of trees or not. C) More active chainsaws in Amazon are expected to happen by the Government. D) Alarms will be installed by the Government to prevent chainsaws use E) To prevent cutting down of trees, the Government won’t regularize land tenure. COMENTÁRIO: A resposta da questão está no trecho abaixo: Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar

“It will probably be a couple of years before it is possible to tell for sure whether the government's proposal to regularize land tenure in the Amazon region is resulting in more active chainsaws there.” É importante fazer algumas conexões de vocabulário. Perceba que a alternativa B reescreve o trecho acima. Words from the text Whether=se active chainsaws=serra elétrica na ativa Proposal=proposta possible to tell=pode-se dizer a couple of years=alguns anos

Words from the alternative IF=se cut down=cortar Action=ação find out=descobrir take long=levar tempo,demorar

GABARITO: B 27- VLADIA/INÉDITA/2011 According to the text: A) It is not hard to monitor Brazilian Amazon rainforest. B) Monthly figures about the rainforest deforestation are always the same. C) Conservationists are alarmed by the last numbers resulting from the monitoring. D) Latest numbers released showed an increase of over 100% in Brazil’s deforestation. E) The increase of 473% in deforestation during March-April 2011 is definitely alarming. COMENTÁRIO Atenção para não marcarmos as questões que parecem certas, como a alternativa E. A) ERRADA. O texto diz que é difícil “it is hard” monitorar a floresta. B) ERRADA. “Numbers ping around month by month”. C) ERRADA. O texto não afirma isso. D) CERTA. O texto diz que houve um aumento de 473%. Over 100% = mais que 100% E) ERRADA. definitely = definitivamente. Olhe as palavras no texto que indicam probability, possibility ( may, will probably, whether) GABARITO: D Parte 3

TEORIA E DICAS

 Vocabulary Builder do texto 2 Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar Interest rate Pace

Benchmark

boost CENTRAL BANK

aimed

disagreement Target rate












the board

recovery

Interest rate = taxa de juros Benchmark = marca de referencia aimed = aim= direcionar-se, visar Boost = impulsionar, aumentar Target rate = taxa alvo Recovery = recuperação pace = passo, ritmo the board = o conselho ( grupo de pessoas ) disagreement = divergência , desacordo

 WORD FORMATION

 Sufixos : Able= can (ter condições de) + verbo. Exemplos: Payable = can pay= pagável Understandable = can understand Affordable = can afford Readable = can read Reacheable = can reach Unbelievable = can’t believe Eatable = can eat Lovable = can love Printable: can print Cuidado com os adjetivos que terminam com able e não têm o sentido de can. Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar exemplo: impracticable, formidable, comfortable, valuable, suitable. Tion - quase sempre pode ser traduzido como ‘ção’. Exemplos: Information: informação Nation: nação Precaution: precaução Attention: atenção Association: associação Satisfaction: satisfação Intention: intenção Notion: noção Organization: organização Situation: situação: Foundation: fundação Salvation: salvação Sensation: sensação Generation: geração Ous – geralmente caracterizam adjetivo Exemplos: Marvelous: maravilhoso Famous: famoso Precious: precioso Delicious: delicioso Suspicious: suspeito Fictitious: fictício Fibrous: fibroso Previous: anterior Generous: generoso Glorious: glorioso  Sufix: S / es / ies são sufixos que indicam plural dos substantivos. Party – parties Book – books Sandwich - sandwiches 

Sufix: er

Podemos usar o sufixo er em verbos para formar o agente da ação. Exemplos: Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar Own – owner (dono/prorietário) Build – builder ( construtor ) Teach – teacher Make – maker Paint – painter Run – runner Swim – swimmer Speak – speaker Farm - farmer Read – reader Write – writer Listen – listener 

Prefix: re

Usamos o prefix re com ideia de repetição. Exemplos: Apply – reapply View – review Do – redo Start – restart Play – replay Consider – reconsider Think – rethink State –restate Capture – recapture Claim – reclaim Count – recount Create – recreate Occur - reoccur  Advérbios de freqüência – Na ordem do menos freqüente para o mais freqüente. • Never = nunca • Rarely/ seldom/almost never = raramente • Sometimes = às vezes • Usually/ frequently/often = com freqüência ou quase sempre • Always = sempre Geralmente, vêm posicionados antes do verbo, ou no começo da oração. Exemplo: “I always drink coffee in the morning, but I seldom put sugar in it” Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar  Vocabulary: Muitas palavras em Inglês são verbos e substantivos. Segue uma lista de alguns para você. Inglês

Português

Love

Amar / Amor

Work

Trabalhar / Trabalho, tarefa

Visit

Visitar / visita

Mail

Postar / correspondência

Watch

Assistir / relógio

Drink

Beber / bebida

Walk

Andar / passeio

Dance

Dançar/ dança

Care

Cuidar / cuidado

 COMPARATIVE Formamos os comparativos, geralmente, acrescentando o sufixo er nos adjetivos curtos, ou seja, adjetivos com uma sílaba. Exemplos: large- larger, small-smaller, taller, shorter, etc. — Your schoolbag is smaller than Sue's. (Sua mochila é menor que a da Sue) — Mary is taller than Rick. — Ronny is shorter than Mark. Quando o adjetivo terminar em y usaremos i no seu lugar. Exemplos: easy- easier; happy-happier Para adjetivos mais longos, mais de 1 sílaba, colocamos a palavra more antes do adjetivo. Exemplos: — — — —

Mark is more intelligent than Sue. (Mark é mais inteligente que a Sue) This TV is more expensive than the one I have at home. Roses are more beautiful than daisies. Your car is more powerful than mine.

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar Atenção: a palavra than ( que ) vem sempre depois dos adjetivos comparativos.  SUPERLATIVE Usamos

o

superlativo

quando

queremos

intensificar

uma

determinada

característica. Exemplo: Yesteday was the hottest day of the month. (Onten foi o dia mais quente do mês) Formamos o superlativo acrescentando o sufixo est para os adjetivos monossílabos. Exemplos: hot - hottest; cheap - cheapest; hard - hardest; Para adjetivos mais longos, que tenham duas sílabas ou mais, colocamos a palavra "most" antes do adjetivo. The most famous; The most difficult; The most expensive Atenção: usa-se the antes do adjetivos superlativos !!!! Exemplos: - I am the tallest in my family. (Sou a mais alta da família). - She´s the most intelligent girl I know. (Ela é a garota mais inteligente que conheço). Há aqueles adjetivos que apresentam forma irregular. ADJETIVO

COMPARATIVO

SUPERLATIVO

GOOD

BETTER

THE BEST

BAD

WORSE

THE WORST

Thats all Folks !!!! for now... Em seguida, vejam a lista de questões desta aula com o gabarito ‘seco’. SEE YOU SOON!! Vladia Mattar Hudson PARTE 4

LISTA DE QUESTÕES E GABARITO ‘SECO’

Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar CESGRANRIO/ELETROBRÁS/2010 Text 1 Could you live without electricity? 1.6 billion are in the dark, using dirty fuels to get by Earth Day has come and gone, but it’s a fact of daily — and especially nightly — life that 1.6 billion people around the globe have no electricity in their homes. Instead, most use wood, coal or even dung to heat and cook their homes — resulting in indoor air pollution that kills 1.6 million people a year. It’s not expected to improve much, and in Africa it’s predicted to worsen. By 2030, when Earth’s population will likely top 8 billion, 1.3 billion people will still lack electricity, the International Energy Agency estimates. Of those, 700 million will be in Africa, and 490 million in South Asia. Case in point: Ghana, in West Africa, where most of the northern half of the country lives without lights. A decade ago, Ghana’s government launched a campaign to electrify the rural north but, except for periodic jumpstarts during election season, it has languished. As a result, three out of four Ghanans in the north are without electricity to refrigerate with, to cook with, to study with, to start businesses with. Like most others around the world in the same situation, these Ghanans use traditional fuels (wood, coal, dung) to meet their cooking needs. The World Health Organization estimates that using those fuels, which also releases greenhouse gases, is responsible for 1.5 million deaths per year — most of them children and women. What would electricity for everyone around the globe cost? The International Energy Agency, which is made up of 28 member countries, figures it would run $35 billion a year from 2008 to 2030 to reach that. The United Nations (UN) has taken up the issue, organizing a summit on April 28 hosted by secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. “Energy services are essential for meeting basic human needs, reducing poverty, creating and accumulating wealth and sustaining advances in social development,” he said in announcing the summit. “Access to adequate, affordable and basic modern energy services is thus crucial to achieving sustainable human development.” In a video report, Peter DiCampo shows what life without lights is like in Ghana as he follows residents into their darkness and reveals their attempts to improvise. “Whenever they post teachers in our schools, the teachers don’t want to stay because we don’t have lights”, said one resident DiCampo interviewed. However, in the same region, mobile phones are widespread, and a growing local film industry allows northerners to see movies in a setting and language familiar to them for the first time. All of this exists despite the absence of a convenient outlet in which to plug basic electronic appliances. © 2010 msnbc.com http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/36712257/ns/world_news-world_environment/Retrieved June 4, 2010. (slightly adapted)

Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar 1) CESGRANRIO/ELETROBRÁS/2010 The author’s main intention in Text 1 is to (A) criticize the high costs of electricity in most African countries. (B) defend the electrification of regions which lack modern energy services. (C) convince the government of Ghana to invest in the mobile phone industry. (D) suggest that some traditional fuels can be harmless substitutes to electricity in Africa. (E) warn about the spread of lung diseases in African population due to the use of coal as fuel. 2) CESGRANRIO/ELETROBRÁS/2010 In “By 2030, when Earth’s population will likely top 8 billion,” “will likely” means the same as (A) will certainly. (B) will similarly. (C) will probably. (D) will eventually. (E) will considerably. COMENTÁRIO: 3) CESGRANRIO/ELETROBRÁS/2010 Ghana is mentioned in Text because (A) Ban Ki-moon, United Nations Secretary-General, was born there. (B) its population of 1.3 billion people will still lack electricity in 2030. (C) it is the only country in Africa to have mobile phones and a growing film industry. (D) it is a typical example of a country that suffers with the absence of investments in electricity. (E) it has celebrated Earth Day stimulating the population to use coal for cooking and heating homes. 4) CESGRANRIO/ELETROBRÁS/2010 The expression in boldface introduces the idea of consequence in: (A) “Instead, most use wood, coal or even dung to heat and cook their homes” (B) “…but, except for periodic jumpstarts during election season,” (C) “Access to adequate, affordable and basic modern energy services is thus crucial to achieving sustainable human development.” (D) “However, in the same region, mobile phones are widespread,” (E) “All of this exists despite the absence of a convenient outlet in which to plug basic electronic appliances.” 5) CESGRANRIO/ELETROBRÁS/2010 Based on the meanings in the text, the two items are synonymous in: (A) “... worsen.” – improve. (B) “... made up of...” – composed of. (C) “figures...” – numbers. (D) “has taken up...” – has discarded. Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar (E) “affordable...” – expensive. 6) CESGRANRIO/ELETROBRÁS/2010 In the text, Ban Ki-moon states that energy services: (A) cannot aid nations to overcome difficulties in human development. (B) can play a fundamental role in the fulfillment of basic human needs. (C) are unavailable in poor countries with sustained social development. (D) will have no impact on promoting social advances or on reducing poverty. (E) will help poor nations accumulate wealth and produce electrical appliances. Text 2 Brazil’s Central Bank Rate Vote Underscores Division Two of the Brazilian central bank’s nine-member board called for a smaller interest rate cut last week than policy makers approved, underscoring disagreement over the pace of a recovery in Brazil and its effect on inflation. The vote, the first show of dissent since Henrique Meirelles became the bank’s president, may signal that the bank may be less inclined to lower the benchmark lending rate in coming months after cutting it six times since June. The board said in minutes of the meeting distributed today that its vote to lower the overnight target rate to 17.5 percent from 19 percent was aimed at giving a boost to an economy that suffered its biggest back-to-back quarterly contractions in seven years between April and September. Internet : www.bloomberg.com

Accessed in Nov/2003

7- ESAF/GCU/2004 In paragraph 1, the text refers to an interest rate cut which a) has been the lowest since 2002. b) has been the first one since April 2003. c) has not been approved by the World Bank. d) was not established by consensus. e) reflects the consumers’ expectations. 8- ESAF/GCU/2004 In paragraph 3, the author refers to a) the present Brazilian economic boom. b) an interest rate increase of 1.5%. c) consecutive economic contractions. d) the highest interest rate increase since April. e) a coming decision to lower target rates. 9 -ESAF/GCU/2004 According to the text, Brazil’s central bank rate vote demonstrates a) disagreement b) confrontation Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar c) illegitimacy d) unanimity e) coherence 10- ESAF/GCU/2004 The text a) underscores the sudden recovery of Brazil’s economy. b) reports decisions concerning interest rate reductions. c) points out the sharp fall in Brazil’s inflationary rates. d) refers to a decision supported by the World Bank. e) emphasizes the urgent need of interest rate cuts. Text 3 Responsibility of Accountants and Auditors How can accountants and auditors help in this anticorruption drive? First of all, accountants are the first set of gatekeepers to ensure that transactions are valid, at arm’s-length, captured, and properly recorded according to established standards. Secondly, “as professionals with a duty to protect the public interest, they are bound by rigorous codes of professional and personal ethics calling for the highest levels of integrity and objectivity”. Thirdly, “their key strategic positions within an enterprise or organization – whether in an internal position or as an external auditor or adviser – mean that they very often have access to highly privileged and confidential information.”(Frank Harding: “Corruption: Rising to the Challenge”, IFAC – May/1999.) Both accountants and auditors perform their respective functions on the bases of national and international standards of practice which have clear guidelines in identifying, for instance, indicators of fraud and other irregularities, and reporting these to the highest levels of authority. Internet: www.guyanajournal.com Accessed in Nov/2003

11- ESAF/GCU/2004 According to the author, integrity and objectivity are a) regarded as questionable principles. b) considered disruptive elements. c) seen as disregarded principles. d) to be observed and maintained. e) considered antagonistic principles. 12- ESAF/GCU/2004 According to the text, accountants and auditors a) play no role in fighting corruption. b) may investigate bribery and nepotism. c) seldom participate in the anticorruption effort. d) are expected to restrain transparency and accountability. e) are expected to help curb corrupt practices. Cespe/TCU/2011

Prof. Vladia Mattar

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INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar Text 5 Government accountants and auditors work in the public sector, maintaining and examining the records of government agencies and auditing private businesses and 4 individuals whose activities are subject to government regulations or taxation. Accountants employed by Federal, State, and local governments ensure that revenues are received 7 and expenditures are made in accordance with laws and regulations. Those employed by the Federal Government may work as Internal Revenue Service agents or in financial 10 management, financial institution examination, or budget analysis and administration. Internal auditors verify the effectiveness of their 13 organization’s internal controls and check for mismanagement, waste, or fraud. They examine and evaluate their firms’ financial and information systems, management procedures, 16 and internal controls to ensure that records are accurate and controls are adequate. They also review company operations, evaluating their efficiency, effectiveness, and compliance with 19 corporate policies and government regulations. Because computer systems commonly automate transactions and make information readily available, internal auditors may also help 22 management evaluate the effectiveness of their controls based on real-time data, rather than personal observation. They may recommend and review controls for their organization’s 25 computer systems to ensure their reliability and integrity of the data. Internal auditors may also have specialty titles, such as information technology auditors, environmental auditors, and 28 compliance auditors. Technology is rapidly changing the nature of the work of most accountants and auditors. With the aid of special 31 software packages, accountants summarize transactions in the standard formats of financial records and organize data in special formats employed in financial analysis. These 34 accounting packages greatly reduce the tedious work associated with data management and recordkeeping. Computers enable accountants and auditors to be more mobile and to use their 37 clients’ computer systems to extract information from databases and the Internet. As a result, a growing number of accountants and auditors with extensive computer skills 40 specialize in correcting problems with software or in developing software to meet unique data management and analytical needs. Accountants also are beginning to perform 43 more technical duties, such as implementing, controlling, and auditing computer systems and networks and developing technology plans. Internet: (adapted). Prof. Vladia Mattar

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31

INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar

Based on the text above, judge the following items. 13) Cespe/TCU/2011 ________Automated transactions of computer systems have now been readily replaced by personal observation. 14) Cespe/TCU/2011 ________ Accounting packages significantly decrease the absorbing work linked to data management and recordkeeping. 15) Cespe/TCU/2011 ________An increasing number of accountants and auditors are now able to cope with data management and analytical needs. 16) Cespe/TCU/2011 _______Accountants are now starting to perform more technical tasks. 17) Cespe/TCU/2011 ______Government accountants work for private enterprises and individuals. 18) Cespe/TCU/2011 ______Accountants hired by Federal, State, and local governments guarantee that the total income is received and expenditure is set as required by laws and regulations. 19) Cespe/TCU/2011 ________Accountants and auditors employed by the Federal Government ought to work as Internal Revenue agents or in financial management, financial institute examination, or budget analysis and administration. 20) Cespe/TCU/2011 _______Internal auditors check over the effectiveness of their organization’s internal control. 21) Cespe/TCU/2011 ______Internal auditors are in charge of preventing mismanagement, waste, or fraud. 22) Cespe/TCU/2011 _____The pronoun “their” (R.36) refers to “clients’ computer systems” (R.37). Text 5 Deforestation Chopping down the Amazon May 26th 2011

Prof. Vladia Mattar

by The Economist online

www.pontodosconcursos.com.br

32

INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar Making sense of the numbers on the Brazilian Amazon UNDERSTANDING what is happening to the world's largest tropical forest is hard: efforts to monitor deforestation in the Amazon are hampered by cloud cover, which can prevent satellites from getting a full picture of what's happening on the ground. The numbers also tend to ping around month by month, prompting alarm among conservationists one month and triumphalism from Brazil's government, which tries to prevent illegal logging, the next. The most recent release from Brazil's National Institute for Space Research showed a 473% increase in deforestation during March and April 2011 compared with the same period last year. This sounds alarming, and it may well turn out to be so. But it also comes in the context of falling deforestation. It will probably be a couple of years before it is possible to tell for sure whether the government's proposal to regularise land tenure in the Amazon region is resulting in more active chainsaws there.

23) VLADIA/INÉDITA/2012 It is correct to say that: A)“…Deforestation…” and florestation express contradictory ideas. B)“…Chopping down…” means the same as cutting in small pieces. C)“…Hampered…” and hindered are antonyms. D)“…Prevent…” and avoid are not synonyms. E)“…Falling...” is similar to raising 24) VLADIA/INÉDITA/2012 Read and judge right or wrong: We can infer from the text that the weather condition in the rain forest is a key element when keeping track of the deforestation. 25) VLADIA/INÉDITA/2012 This (line 9) refers to: A) 473% increase B) National Institute Space Research C) period last year Prof. Vladia Mattar

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33

INGLÊS para o Banco Central Teoria e Exercícios Comentados Vladia Mattar D) 473% increase in deforestation E) March and April 2011 26) VLADIA/INÉDITA/2012 According to the text, it is correct to say that: A) The Government’s proposal to regularize land tenure in the Amazon will result in more deforestation. B) It will take long to find out if the Government’s actions will diminish the cutting down of trees or not. C) More active chainsaws in Amazon are expected to happen by the Government. D) Alarms will be installed by the Government to prevent chainsaws use E) To prevent cutting down of trees, the Government won’t regularize land tenure. 27) VLADIA/INÉDITA/2012 According to the text: A) It is not hard to monitor Brazilian Amazon rainforest. B) Monthly figures about the rainforest deforestation are always the same. C) Conservationists are alarmed by the last numbers resulting from the monitoring. D) Latest numbers released showed an increase of over 100% in Brazil’s deforestation. E) The increase of 473% in deforestation during March-April 2011 is definitely alarming. GABARITO ‘SECO’ CESGRANRIO/ ELETROBRÁS/ 2010

ESAF/CGU/ 2004

CESPE/TCU 2011

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

7-D 8-C 9-A 10-B 11-D 12-E

13)ERRADA 14)ERRADA 15)CERTA 16)CERTA 17)ERRADA 18)CERTA 19)ERRADA 20)CERTA 21)ERRADA 22)ERRADA

B C D C B B

Prof. Vladia Mattar

VLADIA INÉDITAS/2012

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23) 24) 25) 26) 27)

B CERTA D B D

34